To: K-list
Recieved: 1999/10/30 07:55
Subject: [K-list] The Genetic Innocent
From: Christopher Wynter
On 1999/10/30 07:55, Christopher Wynter posted thus to the K-list:
The following article which appeared on another list, and which I have checked out the references to,
adds weight and support to the deep memory results that are coming up out of the bodies of
my group here in Tasmania.
It would seem that this validates the focus and the direction of all of the
work that I have been doing here in Tasmania for the last 7 years ... that
underneath the mutations and the forgetting, that we really are innocent ..
the question that I ask my people is "what is it that separates us from what
we already are"
and that, if we can get out of our heads and stop the debate .. and listen
to our bodies,
the truth of our essence lies therein ..
not in some mental imagery or teacing or dogman or doctrine or religion
What follows is just another piece of the mounting genetic evidence to
support the direction I have taken.
Christopher Wynter
Hobart Tasmania
wynterATnospambigpond.com
"The Plain Man's Spiritual Notebook"
http://www.anunda.com/anunda.htm
my own discussion list can be found at
http://www.onelist.com/subscribe/anunda
__________________-
by Lindsey Arent
3:00 a.m. 28.Oct.99.PDT
They say men are from Mars and women are from Venus. But new research
indicates that the two were at one time genetically identical.
Scientists studying genes on the X and Y chromosomes have concluded that the
biological element that determines sex in humans evolved from a pair of
identical chromosomes hundreds of millions of years ago.
"We're reporting a timeline by which this perfectly ordinary matched pair of
chromosomes evolved into today's X and Y," said researcher David Page of the
Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical
Research. "The X is now bigger than the Y and it carries more genes. But 300
million years ago, they were essentially identical."
Scientists have long believed that the events that led to the creation of
sex chromosomes occurred about 170 million years ago. But Page and co-author
Bruce Lahn of the University of Chicago report in the 29 October issue of
Science that it may have occurred 240 million to 320 million years ago.
For more than a decade, scientists have been on a quest to understand how
sex is determined during fetal development -- that is, why an embryo that
carries two X chromosomes is female and one that carries an X and a Y is a
male.
But Page and his team wanted to broaden the scope of the inquiry.
"We wanted to know how did this system come to be during evolution," Page
said. "How was this system put in place originally?" By studying a series of
XY gene pairs in much the same way that geologists study fossils, Page was
able to craft a timeline of the evolution of X and Y chromosomes.
"After a while, we realized that the XY genes were sorting themselves out
according to their evolutionary age, and when we thought about this question
we realized that the genes were shouting at us about the history of the sex
chromosome."
Long ago, in addition to XX and XY, organisms that were the ancestors of
humans carried other non-sex chromosomes in matched pairs called autosomes,
Page explained. The X and Y evolved from what was a perfectly ordinary
matched pair of chromosomes, but today's X and Y look different from one
another.
"The X chromosome retained all of the genes of the ancestral chromosome, but
the Y has lost virtually all of the genes that it once shared with X," Page
said. "We know of 19 genes that they both still share, and we think they are
remnants of the ancestral gene." By studying the few shared genes on the Y
chromosome that remain today, and by comparing the genes that are common to
the X and Y, Page and his team were able to measure the amount of time that
has passed since the gene pairs were identical.
"We found all of the XY gene pairs and looked at them as a group and found
that the pattern and flow of the sex chromosome evolution became obvious
when we had them lined up."
"We now recognize that these shared genes are a kind of living fossil," Page
said. "It's through the study of today's human X and Y that we can
reconstruct their past," he said. "It's a kind of molecular
archaeology.We're not looking at bones or fossils or even other species,
we're just looking within ourselves."
http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,32156,00.html
The History of Sex
by Lindsey Arent
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